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ORIGINAL ARTICLE
Isotopic comparison of ammonium and nitrate sources applied in-season to corn
Kelsey L. Griesheim,
Richard L. Mulvaney,
Tim J. Smith,
Vander L. N. Nunes,
Allan J. Hertzberger,
Corresponding Author
Kelsey L. Griesheim
School of Natural Resource Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
Correspondence
Kelsey L. Griesheim, School of Natural Resource Sciences, North Dakota State University, 1402 Albrecht Ave., Fargo, ND 58102, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorRichard L. Mulvaney
Deptartment of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
Contribution: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorTim J. Smith
Cropsmith Inc., Farmer City, Illinois, USA
Contribution: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorVander L. N. Nunes
Deptartment of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
Contribution: Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorAllan J. Hertzberger
USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Springfield, Illinois, USA
Contribution: Software, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorKelsey L. Griesheim,
Richard L. Mulvaney,
Tim J. Smith,
Vander L. N. Nunes,
Allan J. Hertzberger,
Corresponding Author
Kelsey L. Griesheim
School of Natural Resource Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, North Dakota, USA
Correspondence
Kelsey L. Griesheim, School of Natural Resource Sciences, North Dakota State University, 1402 Albrecht Ave., Fargo, ND 58102, USA.
Email: [email protected]
Contribution: Conceptualization, Data curation, Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorRichard L. Mulvaney
Deptartment of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
Contribution: Conceptualization, Funding acquisition, Investigation, Methodology, Project administration, Writing - original draft, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorTim J. Smith
Cropsmith Inc., Farmer City, Illinois, USA
Contribution: Conceptualization, Methodology, Supervision, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorVander L. N. Nunes
Deptartment of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois, USA
Contribution: Formal analysis, Investigation, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorAllan J. Hertzberger
USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service, Springfield, Illinois, USA
Contribution: Software, Writing - review & editing
Search for more papers by this authorFirst published: 13 March 2023
Assigned to Associate Editor Md. Rasel Parvej.
Abstract
Most synthetic nitrogen (N) fertilizers used for corn (Zea mays L.) production supply ammonium (NH4+), but N availability can be reduced by volatilization or microbial immobilization. The former process is eliminated and the latter reduced by fertilizing with nitrate (NO3−), which is best done in-season to promote crop uptake while minimizing N loss by leaching or denitrification. To compare 15N uptake for in-season surface applications of labeled potassium nitrate (KNO3), urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN), and urea, field studies were conducted in two growing seasons on Mollisols and Alfisols located in production fields under second- or third-year corn or a corn–soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) rotation. In contrast to dry matter production and total N uptake, the three 15N sources often differed significantly in N derived from the labeled fertilizer (NDF15F) and fertilizer 15N uptake efficiency (F15NUE), both of which decreased in the order: KNO3 > UAN > urea. As evidenced by a laboratory incubation study using the same three 15N sources, this trend was attributed to differences in NH3 volatilization and microbial immobilization that was greater for ammoniacal than NO3− fertilizers. When surface applying a sidedressing to corn in the Midwestern United States, N uptake efficiency can be increased by the use of NO3− fertilizers.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST STATEMENT
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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