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Tillage
One-Time Tillage of No-Till: Effects on Nutrients, Mycorrhizae, and Phosphorus Uptake
J. P. Garcia,
C. S. Wortmann,
M. Mamo,
R. Drijber,
D. Tarkalson,
J. P. Garcia
279 Plant Science, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0915
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
C. S. Wortmann
279 Plant Science, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0915
Corresponding author ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorM. Mamo
279 Plant Science, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0915
Search for more papers by this authorR. Drijber
279 Plant Science, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0915
Search for more papers by this authorD. Tarkalson
461 W. University Dr., West Central Research and Extension Center, Univ. of Nebraska, North Platte, NE, 69101
Search for more papers by this authorJ. P. Garcia,
C. S. Wortmann,
M. Mamo,
R. Drijber,
D. Tarkalson,
J. P. Garcia
279 Plant Science, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0915
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
C. S. Wortmann
279 Plant Science, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0915
Corresponding author ([email protected])Search for more papers by this authorM. Mamo
279 Plant Science, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0915
Search for more papers by this authorR. Drijber
279 Plant Science, Univ. of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, 68583-0915
Search for more papers by this authorD. Tarkalson
461 W. University Dr., West Central Research and Extension Center, Univ. of Nebraska, North Platte, NE, 69101
Search for more papers by this authorContribution of the Univ. of Nebraska-Lincoln Agricultural Research Division. This research was partly funded by the Hatch Act, the Charles B. and Katherine W. Baker Endowment, and the U.S. Agency for International Development under the terms of Grant No. LAG-G-00-96-900009-00.
Abstract
Stratification of nutrient availability, especially of P, that develops with continuous no-till (NT) can affect runoff nutrient concentration and possibly nutrient uptake. The effects of composted manure application and one-time tillage of NT on the distribution of soil chemical properties, root colonization by arbuscular mycorrhizae (AM), and plant P uptake were determined. Research was conducted on Typic Argiudoll and Mollic Hapludalf soils under rainfed corn (Zea mays L.) or sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.] rotated with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in eastern Nebraska. Tillage treatments included NT, disk, chisel, moldboard plow (MP), and mini-moldboard plow (MMP). Subplots had either 0 or 87.4 kg P ha−1 applied in compost before tillage. Bray-P1 was five to 21 times as high for the 0- to 5-cm as compared with the 10- to 20-cm soil depth. Greater redistribution of nutrients and incorporation of compost P resulted from MP tillage than from other tillage treatments. One-time chisel or disk tillage did not effectively redistribute nutrients while MMP tillage had an intermediate effect. Compost application reduced AM colonization of roots at R6 for all crops. Tillage reduced AM colonization with reductions at R6 due to MP tillage of 58 to 87%. The tillage effect on colonization persisted through the second year with no indication of AM recovery. Root P concentration was increased by MP and was negatively correlated to colonization. Decreased colonization did not result in decreased plant P uptake. Infrequent MP tillage can reduce surface soil P and the potential for P loss in runoff, but may reduce AM colonization of the roots, possibly reducing P uptake with some low P soils. The results do not indicate any advantage to one-time tillage of NT if runoff P loss is not a concern.
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