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Corn Response to Composting and Time of Application of Solid Swine Manure
Terrance D. Loecke
Dep. of Crop and Soil Sci., Michigan State Univ., 539 Plant and Soil Sciences Bldg., East Lansing, MI, 48824-1325
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Matt Liebman
Dep. of Agron., 3405 Agronomy Hall, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA, 50011-1010
Corresponding author ([email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorCynthia A. Cambardella
USDA-ARS, 310 Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., Ames, IA, 50011-3120
Search for more papers by this authorTom L. Richard
Dep. of Agric. and Biosyst. Eng., 3222 Natl. Swine Res. and Inf. Cent., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA, 50011-3080
Search for more papers by this authorTerrance D. Loecke
Dep. of Crop and Soil Sci., Michigan State Univ., 539 Plant and Soil Sciences Bldg., East Lansing, MI, 48824-1325
Search for more papers by this authorCorresponding Author
Matt Liebman
Dep. of Agron., 3405 Agronomy Hall, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA, 50011-1010
Corresponding author ([email protected]).Search for more papers by this authorCynthia A. Cambardella
USDA-ARS, 310 Natl. Soil Tilth Lab., Ames, IA, 50011-3120
Search for more papers by this authorTom L. Richard
Dep. of Agric. and Biosyst. Eng., 3222 Natl. Swine Res. and Inf. Cent., Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA, 50011-3080
Search for more papers by this authorPartial funding for this work was provided by the Leopold Center for Sustainable Agriculture (Project 2000-42), the Iowa Department of Natural Resources (Project 00-G550-01CG), and Chamness Technology (Project 1221). We thank J. Ohmacht, D. Sundberg, and R. Vandepol for technical assistance in the field and laboratory.
Abstract
Swine production in hoop structures is a relatively new husbandry system in which a mixture of manure and bedding accumulates. This manure/bedding pack can be applied to crop fields directly from a hoop structure or piled for composting. During 2000 and 2001, field experiments were conducted near Boone, IA, to determine the effects of form of solid swine manure (fresh or composted) and time of manure application (fall or spring) on corn (Zea mays L.) nutrient status and yield. Fresh and composted manure were applied at 340 kg total N ha−1. Urea N fertilizer treatments of 0, 60, 120, and 180 kg N ha−1 were used to determine N fertilizer equivalency values for the manure. In 2000, but not in 2001, fresh manure decreased corn emergence by 9.5% compared with the unamended, nonfertilized control treatment. No corn yield differences due to the form or the time of manure application were detected in 2000, but all treatments receiving manure produced more corn grain than the unamended control. In 2001, fall application of manure increased corn grain yield more than spring application, and composted manure increased yield more than fresh manure, with spring-applied fresh manure providing no yield response beyond the unamended control. Mean N supply efficiency, defined as the N fertilizer equivalency value as a percentage of the total N applied, was greatest for fall-applied composted manure (34.7%), intermediate for fall-applied fresh manure (24.3%) and spring-applied composted manure (25.0%), and least for spring-applied fresh manure (10.9%).
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